Guiding strategy of stair and escalator passengers in metro hub stations considering urban resilient safety

To address issues related to passenger congestion at the stairs and escalators of the platforms resulting from the intense gathering of passenger flow upon the arrival of rail transit trains, the impedance function of the optimal decision selecting stair and escalator was constructed, which integrated both physical consumption and time consumption. Firstly, the number of passengers disembarking from each door of the arriving train were collected and Dijkstra's algorithm was utilized to allocate passengers to stair and escalator groups. Secondly, passenger queuing parameters at stairs and escalators were calculated. Thirdly, combined with the queuing characteristics, the impedance functions for stair and escalator selection were built, then the optimal decision of stair and escalator selection for different passengers were obtained. Finally, a case study of Hongqiao Railway Station of Shanghai Metro Line 2 was carried out. The results indicated that, when the waiting time in the queue before the escalator was 10.32 s, it was recommended for regular passengers to use the stairs; when the waiting time in the queue before the escalator increased to 29.91 and 40.31 s, it was advisable for passengers with luggage to use the stairs.